AMAZING WORLD OF SCIENCE WITH MR. GREEN
  • Home
  • IBDP Environmental Systems and Societies
    • ESS Topics >
      • Statistical Anaylsis
      • ESS Topic 1 Foundations of ESS >
        • ESS Topic 1.1: Environmental Value Systems
        • ESS Topic 1.2: Systems and Models
        • ESS Topic 1.3: Energy and Equilibria
        • ESS Topic 1.4: Sustainability
        • ESS Topic 1.5: Humans and Pollution
      • ESS Topic 2 Ecosystems and Ecology >
        • ESS Topic 2.1: Species and Population
        • ESS Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems
        • ESS Topic 2.3: Flows of Energy and Matter
        • ESS Topic 2.4: Biomes, Zonation and Succession
        • ESS Topic 2.5: Investigating Ecosystems
      • ESS Topic 3: Biodiversity and Conservation >
        • ESS Topic 3.1: Introduction to Biodiversity
        • ESS Topic 3.2: Origins of Biodiversity
        • ESS Topic 3.3: Threats to Biodiversity
        • ESS Topic 3.4: Conservation of Biodiversity
      • ESS Topic 4: Water and Aquatic Food Production Systems and Society >
        • ESS Topic 4.1: Introduction to Water Systems
        • ESS Topic 4.2: Access to Fresh Water
        • ESS Topic 4.3: Aquatic Food Production Systems
        • ESS Topic 4.4: Water Pollution
      • ESS Topic 5:Soil Systems and Terrestrial Food Production Systems and Society >
        • ESS Topic 5.1: Introduction to Soil Systems
        • ESS Topic 5.2: Terrestrial Food Production Systems and Food Choices
        • ESS Topic 5.3: Soil Degradation and Conservation
      • ESS Topic 6: Atmospheric Systems and Society >
        • ESS Topic 6.1: Introduction to the Atmosphere
        • ESS Topic 6.2: Stratospheric Ozone
        • ESS Topic 6.3: Photochemical Smog
        • ESS Topic 6.4: Acid Deposition
      • ESS Topic 7: Climate Change and Energy Production >
        • ESS Topic 7.1: Energy Source and Security
        • ESS Topic 7.2: Climate change – Causes and Impacts
        • ESS Topic 7.3: Climate change – Mitigation and Adaptation
      • ESS Topic 8: Human System and Resource Use >
        • ESS Topic 8.1: Human Populations Dynamics
        • ESS Topic 8.2: Resource Use in Society
        • ESS Topic 8.3 Solid Domestic Waste
        • ESS Topic 8.4 Human Population Carrying Capacity
    • ESS Internal Assessments >
      • ESS IA Context
      • ESS IA Planning >
        • Surveys
        • Secondary Data - Data Bases
      • ESS IA Results, Analysis & Conclusions
      • ESS IA Discussion and Evaluation
      • ESS IA Application
      • ESS IA Communication
      • ESS Personal Skills in IA
    • ESS Extended Essay
    • IB Command Terms
    • Official IB ESS Glossary
    • IB ESS Revision
    • Group 4 Project
  • IBDP Biology
    • IB Biology SL Topics >
      • Statistical Anaylsis
      • Topic 1: Cell Biology >
        • Topic 1.1 Introduction to Cells
        • Topic 1.2 Ultra-Structure of Cells
        • Topic 1.3 Membrane Structure
        • Topic 1.4 Membrane Transport
        • Topic 1.5 Origin of Cells
        • Topic 1.6: Cell Division
      • Topic 2: Molecular Biology >
        • Topic 2.1:Molecules to Metabolism
        • Topic 2.2 Water
        • Topic 2.3: Carbohydrates and Lipids
        • Topic 2.4: Proteins
        • Topic 2.5: Enzymes
        • Topic 2.6: Structure of DNA and RNA
        • Topic 2.7: DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation
        • Topic 2.8 Cellular Respiration
        • Topic 2.9: Photosynthesis
      • Topic 3: Genetics >
        • Topic 3.1: Genes
        • Topic 3.2: Chromosomes
        • Topic 3.3: Meiosis
        • Topic 3.4: Inheritance
        • Topic 3.5: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
      • Topic 4: Ecology >
        • 4.1 Species, Communities and Ecosystems
        • 4.2 Energy Flow
        • 4.3 Carbon Cycle
        • 4.4 Climate Change
      • Topic 5: Evolution and Biodiversity >
        • Topic 5.1 Evidence for Evolution
        • Topic 5.2 Natural Selection
        • Topic 5.3: Classification of Biodiversity
        • Topic 5.4: Cladistics
      • Topic 6: Human Physiology >
        • Topic 6.1: Digestion and Absorption
        • Topic 6.2: The Blood System
        • Topic 6.3: Defense Against Infectious Disease
        • Topic 6.4: Gas Exchange
        • Topic 6.5: Neurones and Synapses
        • Topic 6.6: Hormones, Homeostasis and Reproduction
    • IB Biology HL Topics >
      • Topic 7: Nucleic Acids >
        • Topic 7.1 DNA Structure and Replication
        • Topic 7.2 Transcription and Gene Expression
        • Topic 7.3 Translation
      • Topic 8: Metabolism, Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis >
        • Topic 8.1 Metabolism
        • Topic 8.2 Cell Respiration
        • Topic 8.3 Photosynthesis
      • Topic 9: Plant Biology >
        • Topic 9.1 Transport in the Xylem of Plants
        • Topic 9.2 Transport in the Phloem of Plants
        • Topic 9.3 Growth in Plants
        • Topic 9.4: Reproduction in Plants
      • Topic 10: Genetics and Evolution >
        • Topic 10.1: Meiosis
        • Topic 10.2: Inheritance
        • Topic 10.3: Gene Pools and Speciation
      • Topic 11: Animal Physiology >
        • Topic 11.1 Antibody Production and Vaccination
        • Topic 11.2: Movement
        • Topic 11.3: The Kidney and Osmoregulation
        • Topic 11.4: Sexual Reproduction
    • Options >
      • Option D: Human Physiology >
        • D1: Human Nutrition (Core)
        • D2: Digestion (Core)
        • D3: Function of the Liver (Core)
        • D4: Function of the Heart (Core)
        • D5: Hormones and Metabolism (HL)
        • D6: Transport of Respiratory Gases (HL)
    • IB Biology Internal Assessment >
      • Internal Assessment Personal Engagement
      • Internal Assessment Exploration
      • Internal Assessment - Analysis
      • Internal Assessment Evaluation
      • Internal Assessment - Communications
    • IB Biology Revision
    • Group 4 Project
  • Grade 10 MYP Biology
    • Grade 10 Topic 1: Blood and Circulation
  • Grade 9 MYP Biology
    • Grade 9 Topic 1: Life Processes
    • GR9 Topic 2: Cells
    • GR 9 Topic 3: Macro Molecules
    • GR9 Topic 4 Cellular Movement
    • GR 9 Topic 5: Transport In Plant
    • GR 9 Topic 6 Enzymes
    • GR 9 Topic 7 Microscopy
  • MYP Laboratory Guidance
  • Guide To Exam Success
    • What Are You Eating
    • Get Organized
    • Day Before the Exam
    • When You Sit Down For The Exam
    • Taking The Exam
  • Scientific Dictionary
  • Scientific Method
  • About Me

results, analysis & conclusions

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​This criterion assesses the extent to which you have collected, recorded, processed and interpreted
the data in ways that are relevant to your research question. The patterns in the data are correctly
interpreted to reach a valid conclusion

If there is insufficient data then any treatment will be superficial. You need to recognize the potential for such a lack and revisit the method before you arrive at the data collection or analysis. Alternatively, a lack of primary data could be supplemented by the use of secondary data from data banks or simulations to provide sufficient material for analysis.

Results, analysis and conclusion (6)

Any treatment of the data must be appropriate to the focus of the investigation in an attempt to answer your research question. The conclusions drawn must be based on the evidence from the data rather than on assumptions. Given the scope of the internal assessment and the time allocated, it is more than likely that variability in the data will lead to a tentative conclusion and may identify patterns or trends rather than establishing causal links. This should be recognized and the extent of the variability be considered in the conclusion.

Where possible, the variability should be demonstrated and explained, and its impact on the conclusion fully acknowledged. Please note, by “conclusion”, is meant a deduction based on the direct interpretation of the data such as “What does the graph show?” or “Does any statistical test used support the conclusion?” Any overview of the data in the light of the broader context will be assessed in the criterion for discussion and evaluation.

Conclusion:
  • The conclusion given is correct and clearly supported by the interpretation of the data.
  • Key data from the analysis is given and trends in the data are discussed.
  • The extent to which the hypothesis is supported by the data is explained (avoiding “proves”).
  • The level of support (strong, weak, none or inconclusive) for the hypothesis/ conclusion is identified, correct and justified.

The conclusion
  • starts with one (or more) paragraphs in which you draw conclusions from results, and state whether or not the conclusions support the hypothesis .  
  • clearly related to the research question and the purpose of the experiment.  
  • uses the expressions ‘confirmed by the data’ or ‘refuted by the data’ rather than ‘right,’ ‘wrong,’ or 'proven.'
  • provides a brief explanation as to how you came to the conclusion from the results.  In other words, sum up the evidence and explain observations, trends or patterns revealed by the data. 

Scientific Context:
  • Scientific explanation for the results is described.
  • Comparison is made with published data and theoretical texts (with citations).

The results of the experiment should
  • be explained using accurate and relevant science.  
  • should compare the results of your investigation with what would be expected; reference published data or theoretical texts.
  • compare the conclusions with published research or with the general scientific consensus among scientists about the research question.  Do your conclusions conform to the consensus or are they unexpected?

 It is not necessary to find an exact same investigation with the exact same results, it is possible to compare findings with another investigation that is different but with results that either confirm or refute those of the student's investigation.
Results, Analysis and Conclusions Rubric
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