AMAZING WORLD OF SCIENCE WITH MR. GREEN
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  • IBDP Environmental Systems and Societies
    • ESS Topics >
      • Statistical Anaylsis
      • ESS Topic 1 Foundations of ESS >
        • ESS Topic 1.1: Environmental Value Systems
        • ESS Topic 1.2: Systems and Models
        • ESS Topic 1.3: Energy and Equilibria
        • ESS Topic 1.4: Sustainability
        • ESS Topic 1.5: Humans and Pollution
      • ESS Topic 2 Ecosystems and Ecology >
        • ESS Topic 2.1: Species and Population
        • ESS Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems
        • ESS Topic 2.3: Flows of Energy and Matter
        • ESS Topic 2.4: Biomes, Zonation and Succession
        • ESS Topic 2.5: Investigating Ecosystems
      • ESS Topic 3: Biodiversity and Conservation >
        • ESS Topic 3.1: Introduction to Biodiversity
        • ESS Topic 3.2: Origins of Biodiversity
        • ESS Topic 3.3: Threats to Biodiversity
        • ESS Topic 3.4: Conservation of Biodiversity
      • ESS Topic 4: Water and Aquatic Food Production Systems and Society >
        • ESS Topic 4.1: Introduction to Water Systems
        • ESS Topic 4.2: Access to Fresh Water
        • ESS Topic 4.3: Aquatic Food Production Systems
        • ESS Topic 4.4: Water Pollution
      • ESS Topic 5:Soil Systems and Terrestrial Food Production Systems and Society >
        • ESS Topic 5.1: Introduction to Soil Systems
        • ESS Topic 5.2: Terrestrial Food Production Systems and Food Choices
        • ESS Topic 5.3: Soil Degradation and Conservation
      • ESS Topic 6: Atmospheric Systems and Society >
        • ESS Topic 6.1: Introduction to the Atmosphere
        • ESS Topic 6.2: Stratospheric Ozone
        • ESS Topic 6.3: Photochemical Smog
        • ESS Topic 6.4: Acid Deposition
      • ESS Topic 7: Climate Change and Energy Production >
        • ESS Topic 7.1: Energy Source and Security
        • ESS Topic 7.2: Climate change – Causes and Impacts
        • ESS Topic 7.3: Climate change – Mitigation and Adaptation
      • ESS Topic 8: Human System and Resource Use >
        • ESS Topic 8.1: Human Populations Dynamics
        • ESS Topic 8.2: Resource Use in Society
        • ESS Topic 8.3 Solid Domestic Waste
        • ESS Topic 8.4 Human Population Carrying Capacity
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        • Surveys
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  • IBDP Biology
    • IB Biology SL Topics >
      • Statistical Anaylsis
      • Topic 1: Cell Biology >
        • Topic 1.1 Introduction to Cells
        • Topic 1.2 Ultra-Structure of Cells
        • Topic 1.3 Membrane Structure
        • Topic 1.4 Membrane Transport
        • Topic 1.5 Origin of Cells
        • Topic 1.6: Cell Division
      • Topic 2: Molecular Biology >
        • Topic 2.1:Molecules to Metabolism
        • Topic 2.2 Water
        • Topic 2.3: Carbohydrates and Lipids
        • Topic 2.4: Proteins
        • Topic 2.5: Enzymes
        • Topic 2.6: Structure of DNA and RNA
        • Topic 2.7: DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation
        • Topic 2.8 Cellular Respiration
        • Topic 2.9: Photosynthesis
      • Topic 3: Genetics >
        • Topic 3.1: Genes
        • Topic 3.2: Chromosomes
        • Topic 3.3: Meiosis
        • Topic 3.4: Inheritance
        • Topic 3.5: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
      • Topic 4: Ecology >
        • 4.1 Species, Communities and Ecosystems
        • 4.2 Energy Flow
        • 4.3 Carbon Cycle
        • 4.4 Climate Change
      • Topic 5: Evolution and Biodiversity >
        • Topic 5.1 Evidence for Evolution
        • Topic 5.2 Natural Selection
        • Topic 5.3: Classification of Biodiversity
        • Topic 5.4: Cladistics
      • Topic 6: Human Physiology >
        • Topic 6.1: Digestion and Absorption
        • Topic 6.2: The Blood System
        • Topic 6.3: Defense Against Infectious Disease
        • Topic 6.4: Gas Exchange
        • Topic 6.5: Neurones and Synapses
        • Topic 6.6: Hormones, Homeostasis and Reproduction
    • IB Biology HL Topics >
      • Topic 7: Nucleic Acids >
        • Topic 7.1 DNA Structure and Replication
        • Topic 7.2 Transcription and Gene Expression
        • Topic 7.3 Translation
      • Topic 8: Metabolism, Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis >
        • Topic 8.1 Metabolism
        • Topic 8.2 Cell Respiration
        • Topic 8.3 Photosynthesis
      • Topic 9: Plant Biology >
        • Topic 9.1 Transport in the Xylem of Plants
        • Topic 9.2 Transport in the Phloem of Plants
        • Topic 9.3 Growth in Plants
        • Topic 9.4: Reproduction in Plants
      • Topic 10: Genetics and Evolution >
        • Topic 10.1: Meiosis
        • Topic 10.2: Inheritance
        • Topic 10.3: Gene Pools and Speciation
      • Topic 11: Animal Physiology >
        • Topic 11.1 Antibody Production and Vaccination
        • Topic 11.2: Movement
        • Topic 11.3: The Kidney and Osmoregulation
        • Topic 11.4: Sexual Reproduction
    • Options >
      • Option D: Human Physiology >
        • D1: Human Nutrition (Core)
        • D2: Digestion (Core)
        • D3: Function of the Liver (Core)
        • D4: Function of the Heart (Core)
        • D5: Hormones and Metabolism (HL)
        • D6: Transport of Respiratory Gases (HL)
    • IB Biology Internal Assessment >
      • Internal Assessment Personal Engagement
      • Internal Assessment Exploration
      • Internal Assessment - Analysis
      • Internal Assessment Evaluation
      • Internal Assessment - Communications
    • IB Biology Revision
    • Group 4 Project
  • Grade 10 MYP Biology
    • Grade 10 Topic 1: Blood and Circulation
  • Grade 9 MYP Biology
    • Grade 9 Topic 1: Life Processes
    • GR9 Topic 2: Cells
    • GR 9 Topic 3: Macro Molecules
    • GR9 Topic 4 Cellular Movement
    • GR 9 Topic 5: Transport In Plant
    • GR 9 Topic 6 Enzymes
    • GR 9 Topic 7 Microscopy
  • MYP Laboratory Guidance
  • Guide To Exam Success
    • What Are You Eating
    • Get Organized
    • Day Before the Exam
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    • Taking The Exam
  • Scientific Dictionary
  • Scientific Method
  • About Me

option c.1: (core) species and communities

Picture

Essential idea:
  • Community structure is an emergent property of an ecosystem.
Nature of science:
  • Use models as representations of the real world—zones of stress and limits of tolerance graphs are models of the real world that have predictive power and explain community structure. (1.10)
Understandings
C 1.1 U The distribution of species is affected by limiting factors.
  • Define community
  • Define abiotic
  • Define biotic
  • Define limiting factor
  • Outline how temperature, water, light, soil pH, salinity and mineral nutrients affect the distribution of plant species
  • Outline how temperature, water, breeding sites, food supply and territories affect the distribution of animal specie​
C 1.U2 Community structure can be strongly affected by keystone species.
  • Describe the importance of keystone species to a community
  • List two examples of keystone species
C 1.3 U Each species plays a unique role within a community because of the unique combination of its spatial habitat and interactions with other species.
C 1.U4 ​Interactions between species in a community can be classified according to their effect.
​C 1.U5 Two species cannot survive indefinitely in the same habitat if their niches are identical.
Application
C 1.A1 Distribution of one animal and one plant species to illustrate limits of tolerance and zones of stress.
Picture
C 1.A2 Local examples to illustrate the range of ways in which species can interact within a community.
C 1.A3 The symbiotic relationship between Zooxanthellae and reef-building coral reef species.
Skills
C 1.S1 Analysis of a data set that illustrates the distinction between fundamental and realized niche.
C 1.S2 Use of a transect to correlate the distribution of plant or animal species with an abiotic variable.
  • Outline why sampling must be random.
  • Explain methods of random sampling, including the use of a transect
  • State the null and alternative hypothesis of the chi-square test of association.
  • Use a contingency table to complete a chi-square test of association.
Key Terms

Classroom Assignments:

​
Useful Links
In the News
​Theory of knowledge:
  • Random samples are taken in studies involving large geographical areas or if limited time is available. Is random sampling a useful tool for scientists despite the potential for sampling bias?
Video Clips
​When wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park in the United States after being absent nearly 70 years, the most remarkable "trophic cascade" occurred. What is a trophic cascade and how exactly do wolves change rivers? George Monbiot explains in this movie remix
What do gray wolves, elephants, and parrotfish have in common? They're all keystone species, which means they have an especially large impact on their habitat. SciShow explores how these animals keep their ecosystems running.
Paul Andersen explains how ecosystems interact with biotic and abiotic factors.  He explains and gives examples of food chains and food webs.  He shows how limiting factors eventually leads to logistic growth.  Real data from Yellowstone Park is used to show how populations interact.  He ends the podcast by showing how human impacts can eventually lead to changes within an ecosystem.
Paul Andersen explains the niche.  He gives three different pronunciations and two different definitions.  He then discusses the competitive exclusion principle and the idea that a niche cannot be shared by two species.
Paul Andersen explains the major classification terms in ecology and how a community can be measured by species composition and species diversity.  The symbiosis of leaf cutter ants is included.  The podcast ends with a discussion of population growth.
How many African elephants are left and where are they? This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census of African savanna elephants in over 40 years and the methods they are using to obtain accurate, up-to-date numbers across the continent.
Biologists Piotr Naskrecki and Jennifer Guyton identify and record the diversity of species in Gorongosa National Park’s Cheringoma Plateau.
Today we're going to be exploring various sampling strategies including the use of quadrats. It's usually not possible to look at every single individual of a species within a given area. It's also pretty rare that you'll be able to look at every single square meter within that area too.
GCSE Biology Revision: Sampling along a transect
Reference sites

​i-Biology 
Click4Biology
Online IB Biology Subject Guide
BioNinja
Biology For Life
IB Biology Help
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